What are the underlying structural and historical factors contributing to the persistence of the North–South divide in the era of globalization?

The Persistence of the North–South Divide in the Era of Globalization: Structural and Historical Determinants Introduction Despite the rhetoric of a borderless and interdependent world heralded by globalization, the enduring salience of the North–South divide—typically denoting the socio-economic and geopolitical cleavage between industrialized, affluent nations of the Global North and the developing, post-colonial states of … Continue reading What are the underlying structural and historical factors contributing to the persistence of the North–South divide in the era of globalization?

Examine the evolution of the global political economy from the adoption of the Washington Consensus in the late 20th century to contemporary paradigms. Assess the ideological, institutional, and policy transitions that marked the shift from neoliberal orthodoxy—characterized by market deregulation, privatization, and fiscal austerity—towards a more contested landscape shaped by the rise of state capitalism, South–South cooperation, post-Washington Consensus frameworks, and debates on inclusive and sustainable development. Analyze the implications of this trajectory for global economic governance, inequality, and the autonomy of developing economies.

From the Washington Consensus to Post-Neoliberalism: The Evolving Landscape of Global Political Economy The evolution of the global political economy since the late 20th century reflects a paradigmatic shift from neoliberal orthodoxy, epitomized by the Washington Consensus, to a more complex and contested order shaped by new developmental strategies, power realignments, and critiques of global … Continue reading Examine the evolution of the global political economy from the adoption of the Washington Consensus in the late 20th century to contemporary paradigms. Assess the ideological, institutional, and policy transitions that marked the shift from neoliberal orthodoxy—characterized by market deregulation, privatization, and fiscal austerity—towards a more contested landscape shaped by the rise of state capitalism, South–South cooperation, post-Washington Consensus frameworks, and debates on inclusive and sustainable development. Analyze the implications of this trajectory for global economic governance, inequality, and the autonomy of developing economies.

To what extent have the reforms of the United Nations’ economic and social structures—particularly within ECOSOC and related agencies—enhanced institutional efficacy, equity in global governance, and responsiveness to the developmental needs of the Global South?

Reforming the Economic and Social Structures of the United Nations: Assessing Equity, Efficacy, and Responsiveness to the Global South The United Nations (UN) was established with the dual mandate of maintaining international peace and security while promoting socio-economic development and global equity. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), alongside its network of specialized agencies, is … Continue reading To what extent have the reforms of the United Nations’ economic and social structures—particularly within ECOSOC and related agencies—enhanced institutional efficacy, equity in global governance, and responsiveness to the developmental needs of the Global South?