The European Union as a Post-Westphalian Political Order: A Critical Appraisal Introduction The Westphalian system, inaugurated by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, has long been regarded as the foundational framework of modern international relations. It enshrined the principle of state sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of states, thereby constructing the … Continue reading Comment on the view that the European Union represents a “post-Westphalian” political order.