Centralized Planning, Federalism, and the Prospects of Decentralized Governance in Post-Liberalization India The tension between centralized planning and federalism represents a persistent dilemma in modern political economies, particularly in states characterized by diversity, regional asymmetries, and complex social structures. In the Indian case, this tension has been acute. India’s federalism—constitutionally entrenched yet tilted towards the … Continue reading To what extent does centralized planning undermine the principles of federalism, and in the context of India’s post-1991 liberalization, can decentralized governance be regarded as a more viable framework for balancing efficiency, autonomy, and democratic participation?