Introduction Diplomacy has historically served as the principal instrument through which states manage their external relations, pursue national interests, prevent conflicts, negotiate agreements, and sustain international order. Traditionally associated with the conduct of official relations among sovereign states, diplomacy evolved alongside the modern state system established by the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and was institutionalized … Continue reading Examine the transformation of diplomacy from bloc-based negotiations to multidimensional engagement in an increasingly fragmented international order.
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Examine the coercive and non-coercive dimensions of national power and evaluate the significance of latent capabilities in determining a state’s strategic influence in international politics.
Introduction National power constitutes one of the foundational concepts of International Relations (IR), serving as the principal determinant of a state's capacity to secure its interests, shape international outcomes, and influence the behaviour of other actors within an anarchic international system. From classical realism to contemporary constructivism, scholars have consistently regarded power as the central … Continue reading Examine the coercive and non-coercive dimensions of national power and evaluate the significance of latent capabilities in determining a state’s strategic influence in international politics.
What are the constitutive elements of national power, and how can their inherent limitations be critically assessed in shaping the capacity of states to pursue strategic objectives within the framework of international relations?
Constitutive Elements of National Power and Their Limitations in International Relations The concept of national power lies at the heart of international relations, providing the analytical foundation for understanding how states pursue their strategic objectives in an anarchic world order. Since Hans J. Morgenthau’s classical articulation in Politics Among Nations (1948), power has been treated … Continue reading What are the constitutive elements of national power, and how can their inherent limitations be critically assessed in shaping the capacity of states to pursue strategic objectives within the framework of international relations?
Machiavelli’s ideas on statecraft, deception, and political realism have been compared to Kautilya’s Arthashastra. To what extent do their views on governance, war, and diplomacy align, and where do they diverge?
Machiavelli and Kautilya, pioneers of political realism, share similarities in views on power, deception, and military strength, although they arise from different cultural contexts. While Machiavelli highlights pragmatic governance focused on results, Kautilya integrates ethics and economic policies, emphasizing a balance between power and moral responsibility in leadership.