Reinterpreting Marxism–Leninism under “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”: Sovereignty, Non-Intervention, and Pragmatic Global Governance Introduction The post-Mao evolution of “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” (中国特色社会主义) represents one of the most consequential ideological reinterpretations of Marxism–Leninism in the contemporary international system. Rather than a wholesale abandonment of socialist doctrine, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has undertaken a selective, … Continue reading How has the reinterpretation of Marxism–Leninism within “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” influenced China’s approach to sovereignty, non-intervention, and global governance? Evaluate the role of economic pragmatism as an ideological instrument in legitimising China’s external engagement with capitalist economies during the post-Mao era.