How do the Chipko Movement and the Narmada Bachao Andolan, as two landmark environmental and social movements in post-independence India, compare in terms of their ideological foundations, modes of resistance, socio-ecological concerns, and engagement with the state, and what do their differences reveal about the evolving relationship between development, environmental justice, and popular protest in India?

What are the conceptual distinctions between interest groups and pressure groups, and to what extent do pressure groups in India effectively represent and advance the interests of their constituencies within the country’s democratic and institutional frameworks?

Interest Groups and Pressure Groups: Conceptual Distinctions and Their Efficacy in Indian Democracy The study of political representation beyond electoral politics necessitates a closer examination of interest groups and pressure groups, which function as intermediaries between the state and society. While often used interchangeably, the two concepts differ in origin, scope, structure, and modes of … Continue reading What are the conceptual distinctions between interest groups and pressure groups, and to what extent do pressure groups in India effectively represent and advance the interests of their constituencies within the country’s democratic and institutional frameworks?

The Decline in the Efficacy of Environmental Movements in Post-Liberalisation India: Examining the Roles of Spatial Economic Concentration and Evolving Consumption Patterns Abstract Environmental movements in India, which once commanded national attention and shaped policy debates, have witnessed a decline in their political efficacy since the 1990s. This paper critically examines the extent to which … Continue reading To what extent have the spatial concentration of economic activities and evolving consumption patterns in post-liberalisation India contributed to the decline in the efficacy of environmental movements?