Comparative Analysis of the Chipko Movement and the Narmada Bachao Andolan: Environmental Justice and the Politics of Development in Post-Independence India The Chipko Movement and the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) are among the most prominent environmental movements in post-independence India. Emerging in the 1970s and 1980s respectively, these movements responded to the state's developmental agenda, … Continue reading How do the Chipko Movement and the Narmada Bachao Andolan, as two landmark environmental and social movements in post-independence India, compare in terms of their ideological foundations, modes of resistance, socio-ecological concerns, and engagement with the state, and what do their differences reveal about the evolving relationship between development, environmental justice, and popular protest in India?