Reconciling Non-Proliferation and Sovereign Rights: A Critical Assessment of NPT Safeguards and Enhanced Verification Regimes Introduction The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) represents one of the most enduring yet contested institutional pillars of the global nuclear order. At its normative core lies an inherent tension: while the treaty seeks to prevent the horizontal spread of nuclear … Continue reading To what extent do NPT safeguard regimes reconcile the tension between non-proliferation objectives and the sovereign right of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States to pursue peaceful nuclear technology? In what ways do enhanced safeguard measures, such as the Additional Protocol, alter the balance between transparency, compliance, and strategic vulnerability for NNWS?