The Role of the Indian Parliament in the Indo–U.S. Civil Nuclear Agreement: Foreign Policy, Democratic Oversight, and Strategic Autonomy Introduction The Indo–U.S. Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement (commonly known as the 123 Agreement) marked a paradigmatic shift in India’s global nuclear status, reconfiguring the boundaries of strategic diplomacy, non-proliferation regimes, and great power alignment. Signed in … Continue reading How did the Indian Parliament influence the formulation, negotiation, and eventual political legitimization of the Indo–U.S. Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement (123 Agreement), and what does this reveal about the role of legislative institutions in shaping strategic foreign policy in a parliamentary democracy?