Assess the continuity and change in India’s nuclear policy from the era of nuclear restraint to the establishment of a declared nuclear doctrine.

Introduction India's nuclear policy has undergone a gradual yet significant transformation from an initial phase of nuclear restraint to the adoption of a declared nuclear doctrine following the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in May 1998. This evolution reflects the interaction of changing security threats, technological capabilities, domestic political debates, and shifts in the international strategic environment. … Continue reading Assess the continuity and change in India’s nuclear policy from the era of nuclear restraint to the establishment of a declared nuclear doctrine.

Critically examine the evolution of Indo–Soviet relations during the Janata Party government (1977–1979), and assess the extent of continuity and change in India’s foreign policy towards the Soviet Union.

Introduction The period of the Janata Party government (1977–1979) occupies a distinctive place in the evolution of India's foreign policy. Following the Emergency (1975–1977), the electoral defeat of the Congress government led by Indira Gandhi brought to power the Janata Party under Morarji Desai, marking the first non-Congress government at the Centre. Since the late … Continue reading Critically examine the evolution of Indo–Soviet relations during the Janata Party government (1977–1979), and assess the extent of continuity and change in India’s foreign policy towards the Soviet Union.