Examine the transformation of diplomacy from bloc-based negotiations to multidimensional engagement in an increasingly fragmented international order.

Introduction Diplomacy has historically served as the principal instrument through which states manage their external relations, pursue national interests, prevent conflicts, negotiate agreements, and sustain international order. Traditionally associated with the conduct of official relations among sovereign states, diplomacy evolved alongside the modern state system established by the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and was institutionalized … Continue reading Examine the transformation of diplomacy from bloc-based negotiations to multidimensional engagement in an increasingly fragmented international order.

Can isolationism be regarded as a viable foreign policy strategy in an era of globalization, complex interdependence, and shared global challenges? Critically evaluate.

Introduction Isolationism has historically represented one of the most enduring traditions of foreign policy, emphasizing the minimization of political, military, and, at times, economic engagement with external actors in order to preserve national sovereignty, domestic stability, and strategic autonomy. Rooted in the belief that excessive external commitments expose states to unnecessary conflicts and entanglements, isolationism … Continue reading Can isolationism be regarded as a viable foreign policy strategy in an era of globalization, complex interdependence, and shared global challenges? Critically evaluate.

Introduction National power constitutes one of the foundational concepts of International Relations (IR), serving as the principal determinant of a state's capacity to secure its interests, shape international outcomes, and influence the behaviour of other actors within an anarchic international system. From classical realism to contemporary constructivism, scholars have consistently regarded power as the central … Continue reading Examine the coercive and non-coercive dimensions of national power and evaluate the significance of latent capabilities in determining a state’s strategic influence in international politics.