Nation-State Resilience in an Era of Transnationalism: Realist, Liberal, and Constructivist Perspectives Introduction The nation-state has been the central organizing principle of the international system since the Peace of Westphalia (1648), shaping sovereignty, territoriality, and the legal equality of states. However, the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have witnessed the rise of transnationalism—the proliferation … Continue reading How do realist, liberal, and constructivist perspectives interpret the continuing relevance of the nation-state amidst the rise of transnationalism? Compare the trajectory of nation-state resilience in the Global North and Global South under the pressures of transnationalism.