Critically examine the proposition that “India-bashing” by its neighboring states reflects the projection of their internal sociopolitical conflicts and crises onto external relations. Substantiate your argument through a comparative analysis of Indo-Pakistani and Indo-Sri Lankan relations, highlighting how domestic political contestations, identity politics, and state legitimacy crises have shaped anti-India narratives in both contexts.

“India-bashing” as Projection: Domestic Crises, Identity Politics and Externalisation in Indo-Pakistani and Indo-Sri Lankan Relations The proposition that recurrent “India-bashing” in neighbouring states represents a projection of their internal sociopolitical conflicts is analytically persuasive and empirically tractable. Domestic crises — whether political fragmentation, elite legitimacy deficits, identity cleavages, or economic stress — frequently impel state … Continue reading Critically examine the proposition that “India-bashing” by its neighboring states reflects the projection of their internal sociopolitical conflicts and crises onto external relations. Substantiate your argument through a comparative analysis of Indo-Pakistani and Indo-Sri Lankan relations, highlighting how domestic political contestations, identity politics, and state legitimacy crises have shaped anti-India narratives in both contexts.

“China’s foreign policy reflects the primacy of economic pragmatism over ideological or military considerations.” — Critically comment.

China’s Foreign Policy and the Primacy of Economic Pragmatism: A Critical Examination The evolution of the People’s Republic of China’s foreign policy since 1949 presents a unique case in the study of international relations, oscillating between ideological conviction, geopolitical assertion, and economic pragmatism. While early Chinese diplomacy under Mao Zedong was driven by revolutionary zeal … Continue reading “China’s foreign policy reflects the primacy of economic pragmatism over ideological or military considerations.” — Critically comment.

What have been the principal challenges confronting India’s foreign policy over the past two decades, and to what extent are these challenges rooted in domestic political dynamics as opposed to strategic imperatives in the international arena?

India’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: Intersections of Domestic Politics and Strategic Imperatives Over the past two decades, India’s foreign policy has navigated a complex and often contradictory global landscape marked by shifting power configurations, regional tensions, economic interdependence, and the rising salience of non-traditional security threats. As India has attempted to redefine its … Continue reading What have been the principal challenges confronting India’s foreign policy over the past two decades, and to what extent are these challenges rooted in domestic political dynamics as opposed to strategic imperatives in the international arena?