Assess how the rise of OPEC and the politics of oil shocks strengthened the bargaining power of developing countries in pressing for the NIEO agenda. Debate whether the NIEO project of the 1970s was an achievable economic reform agenda or a utopian vision constrained by the structural dominance of the Global North.

Oil, Power, and the New International Economic Order: Rethinking the Global South’s Bargaining Moment of the 1970s IntroductionThe 1970s marked a watershed in the evolution of the global political economy, with the rise of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the ensuing oil shocks profoundly altering the distribution of bargaining power between … Continue reading Assess how the rise of OPEC and the politics of oil shocks strengthened the bargaining power of developing countries in pressing for the NIEO agenda. Debate whether the NIEO project of the 1970s was an achievable economic reform agenda or a utopian vision constrained by the structural dominance of the Global North.

Discuss the contribution of Third World countries in advancing the discourse on decolonization, human rights, and development within the UN framework. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Third World coalitions, such as the Non-Aligned Movement and the G-77, in influencing decision-making at the United Nations.

Third World Contributions to Decolonization, Human Rights, and Development in the United Nations: Promise and Limits of Collective Diplomacy The entry of newly independent states into the United Nations (UN) after the Second World War transformed the institution’s normative and political landscape. From the late 1940s through the 1970s, Third World countries—many of them from … Continue reading Discuss the contribution of Third World countries in advancing the discourse on decolonization, human rights, and development within the UN framework. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Third World coalitions, such as the Non-Aligned Movement and the G-77, in influencing decision-making at the United Nations.

In what ways can India’s leadership role within the Non-Aligned Movement be analysed in the context of its historical foundations, ideological commitments, and strategic relevance in shaping the dynamics of the Global South and the post-Cold War international order?

India’s Leadership Role within the Non-Aligned Movement: Historical Foundations, Ideological Commitments, and Strategic Relevance in the Global South and the Post-Cold War Order Introduction The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), conceived during the height of the Cold War, emerged as a historic collective endeavour of newly independent states to resist bipolar alignments and assert autonomy in foreign … Continue reading In what ways can India’s leadership role within the Non-Aligned Movement be analysed in the context of its historical foundations, ideological commitments, and strategic relevance in shaping the dynamics of the Global South and the post-Cold War international order?

How do the foundational objectives of the Third World’s pursuit of global justice manifest within contemporary international relations, and to what extent does South–South cooperation serve as a pivotal mechanism for realising these goals?

The Pursuit of Global Justice by the Third World and the Role of South–South Cooperation in Contemporary International Relations Introduction The quest for global justice has historically been central to the political, economic, and diplomatic agendas of the Third World—a term that, despite its Cold War origins, continues to encapsulate the aspirations of developing nations … Continue reading How do the foundational objectives of the Third World’s pursuit of global justice manifest within contemporary international relations, and to what extent does South–South cooperation serve as a pivotal mechanism for realising these goals?

Assess the continuing relevance of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) demands in the context of contemporary globalization.

The New International Economic Order (NIEO), articulated in the 1970s by developing countries, aimed to restructure global economic relations to address systemic inequalities entrenched by colonial legacies and the dominance of developed nations. With demands centered on fairer trade terms, sovereignty over natural resources, technology transfer, and greater representation in international institutions, the NIEO reflected … Continue reading Assess the continuing relevance of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) demands in the context of contemporary globalization.

Examine the potential role India could play as a leader of the Global South in shaping a new international economic order in the 21st century.

India's Potential Role as a Leader of the Global South in Shaping a New International Economic Order in the 21st Century Introduction As one of the world’s largest democracies, a rapidly growing economic power, and a leading voice for developing countries, India is well-positioned to play a transformative role in shaping a new international economic … Continue reading Examine the potential role India could play as a leader of the Global South in shaping a new international economic order in the 21st century.