From Billiard Balls to Cobwebs: Theoretical Shifts Reflecting Complexity and Interdependence in International Relations The evolution of international relations (IR) theory has mirrored the changing structure and character of global politics. One of the most significant conceptual shifts in the discipline has been the movement from the "billiard ball" model of international relations—anchored in classical … Continue reading How does the theoretical shift from the traditional “billiard ball” model to the “cobweb” model reflect the increasing complexity, interdependence, and transnational connectivity in contemporary international relations?