How can the role and consequences of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in Sri Lanka be critically examined in terms of its political, strategic, and diplomatic implications for India–Sri Lanka relations and the broader regional security architecture in South Asia?

India’s Peacekeeping Gamble in Sri Lanka: A Critical Appraisal of the IPKF The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), deployed in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990, remains one of the most contested episodes in India’s regional security and foreign policy history. Conceived under the Indo–Sri Lanka Accord of July 1987, the intervention was intended to … Continue reading How can the role and consequences of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in Sri Lanka be critically examined in terms of its political, strategic, and diplomatic implications for India–Sri Lanka relations and the broader regional security architecture in South Asia?

What are the structural, political, and economic impediments that hinder the effective functioning of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), and how do these obstacles reflect the broader challenges of fostering regionalism, cooperation, and integration in South Asia within the context of India’s regional and global engagements?

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), established in 1985, was conceived as a platform for fostering regional cooperation, economic integration, and collective problem-solving among South Asian states. Yet, almost four decades since its inception, SAARC remains one of the least effective regional organizations in the world. Unlike the European Union, the African Union, … Continue reading What are the structural, political, and economic impediments that hinder the effective functioning of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), and how do these obstacles reflect the broader challenges of fostering regionalism, cooperation, and integration in South Asia within the context of India’s regional and global engagements?

Analyze how internal political instability and domestic upheavals in neighboring South Asian states pose strategic and diplomatic challenges to the formulation and execution of India’s foreign policy, citing relevant case studies.

Internal Political Instability in South Asian States and its Strategic and Diplomatic Implications for India’s Foreign Policy Introduction India's foreign policy is intrinsically shaped by the political developments in its immediate neighborhood, owing to its geographical centrality and historical entanglements in South Asia. As the dominant regional power, India’s engagement with its neighbours is not … Continue reading Analyze how internal political instability and domestic upheavals in neighboring South Asian states pose strategic and diplomatic challenges to the formulation and execution of India’s foreign policy, citing relevant case studies.

Examine the role of ethnic identities in shaping the processes of nation-building across South Asian states, and assess how these dynamics influence inter-state relations within the region.

Ethnic Identities and Nation-Building in South Asia: Implications for Inter-State Relations Introduction South Asia is marked by exceptional ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural diversity, a legacy of millennia-old civilizational evolution, colonial administrative classifications, and contested postcolonial state formation. The processes of nation-building across South Asian states—India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives—have … Continue reading Examine the role of ethnic identities in shaping the processes of nation-building across South Asian states, and assess how these dynamics influence inter-state relations within the region.

What are the principal structural, political, and economic constraints impeding effective regional cooperation in South Asia, and how do these challenges affect the prospects for institutional integration and collective development in the region?

Structural, Political, and Economic Constraints to Regional Cooperation in South Asia: Implications for Institutional Integration and Collective Development Introduction South Asia, home to a quarter of the world’s population and endowed with significant geostrategic assets, remains paradoxically one of the least integrated regions globally in terms of intra-regional trade, mobility, institutional connectivity, and political cooperation. … Continue reading What are the principal structural, political, and economic constraints impeding effective regional cooperation in South Asia, and how do these challenges affect the prospects for institutional integration and collective development in the region?

Assess the future of SAARC in light of India’s growing strategic and economic focus on ASEAN and BIMSTEC.

Assessing the Future of SAARC in Light of India’s Growing Strategic and Economic Focus on ASEAN and BIMSTEC Introduction The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), established in 1985, was intended to promote regional integration, economic cooperation, and political stability among its eight member states: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri … Continue reading Assess the future of SAARC in light of India’s growing strategic and economic focus on ASEAN and BIMSTEC.