Analyze how the rise and consolidation of coalition politics since the late 1990s has influenced the formulation, orientation, and execution of India’s foreign policy.

Coalition Politics and Indian Foreign Policy: A Transformative Nexus Since the Late 1990s Introduction The consolidation of coalition politics in India since the late 1990s marked a significant transformation in the structure of domestic governance. The decline of one-party dominance and the emergence of multiparty coalitions at the Union level introduced new political variables into … Continue reading Analyze how the rise and consolidation of coalition politics since the late 1990s has influenced the formulation, orientation, and execution of India’s foreign policy.

To what extent do constituent units of the Indian federation, particularly border states like West Bengal, influence the formulation and execution of India’s foreign policy—especially in the context of transboundary issues and subnational diplomacy with neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh?

Subnational Influence in Indian Foreign Policy: The Role of Border States in Transboundary Diplomacy with Bangladesh Introduction In traditional Westphalian paradigms of international relations, foreign policy is the exclusive prerogative of the national government, while subnational units play a negligible role in external affairs. However, in practice, the domestic–international nexus has become increasingly prominent, especially … Continue reading To what extent do constituent units of the Indian federation, particularly border states like West Bengal, influence the formulation and execution of India’s foreign policy—especially in the context of transboundary issues and subnational diplomacy with neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh?