To what extent can the post-Soviet international order be characterized as a continuation of the Cold War logic, and how do contemporary patterns of rivalry, alliance-building, and power competition reflect or depart from the ideological and strategic dynamics of the Cold War era?

Continuation or Transformation? — The Post-Soviet Order in Light of Cold War Logic The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked an unmistakable structural rupture in world politics, yet the subsequent three decades have produced a debate over whether the post-Soviet order simply sustained Cold War patterns or inaugurated a qualitatively different system. A … Continue reading To what extent can the post-Soviet international order be characterized as a continuation of the Cold War logic, and how do contemporary patterns of rivalry, alliance-building, and power competition reflect or depart from the ideological and strategic dynamics of the Cold War era?

Critically examine the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) as a regional economic and trade arrangement, highlighting its institutional structure, normative framework, and efficacy in promoting economic integration, trade liberalization, and multilateral cooperation among member economies in the Asia-Pacific region.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): Institutional Structure, Normative Foundations, and Effectiveness in Regional Economic Integration The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), established in 1989, represents one of the most expansive and influential regional economic groupings in the global trade architecture. With 21 member economies—ranging from the United States, China, and Japan to developing Pacific Rim countries—APEC’s mandate … Continue reading Critically examine the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) as a regional economic and trade arrangement, highlighting its institutional structure, normative framework, and efficacy in promoting economic integration, trade liberalization, and multilateral cooperation among member economies in the Asia-Pacific region.

Examine the strategic motivations behind the shift from the Asia-Pacific strategy to the Indo-Pacific strategy in international relations.

Strategic Motivations Behind the Shift from the Asia-Pacific to the Indo-Pacific Strategy in International Relations Introduction The shift from the Asia-Pacific to the Indo-Pacific strategy represents one of the most significant geopolitical realignments in 21st-century international relations. While the Asia-Pacific concept primarily emphasized economic integration and maritime security in the Western Pacific, the Indo-Pacific framework … Continue reading Examine the strategic motivations behind the shift from the Asia-Pacific strategy to the Indo-Pacific strategy in international relations.

Assess the extent to which deglobalization is replacing globalization in the current international economic order.

Deglobalization and the Future of the Global Economy Introduction The global economic landscape is undergoing a profound transformation as the forces of deglobalization challenge the foundational assumptions of globalization that have defined the post-Cold War order. For decades, globalization has been synonymous with economic integration, free trade, financial liberalization, and cross-border investment, driving unprecedented growth … Continue reading Assess the extent to which deglobalization is replacing globalization in the current international economic order.