From the Swadeshi Movement to the Quit India Movement, the strategies of Indian nationalism evolved in response to colonial repression and changing socio-political realities. Critically evaluate this evolution with reference to key movements and leadership shifts.

27th February 202519th August 2025 ~ Polity Prober

The Indian freedom struggle evolved from constitutional methods to militant nationalism, culminating in mass agitation and calls for immediate independence. Key phases included petitions, the Swadeshi Movement, Home Rule, and Gandhi's non-violent resistance. Leadership shifts from moderates to radical figures marked this journey, ultimately leading to India's independence in 1947.